Great white sharks have always been fascinating creatures, known for their speed and agility in the water. However, a recent study conducted by Japanese researchers has shed light on the unique structure of their skin and how it can potentially revolutionize the design of aircraft and boats to reduce drag.
The key to the great white shark’s efficiency in swimming lies in the tiny translucent scales, called denticles, that cover its body. These denticles are like teeth and are concentrated in areas like the flanks and fins of the shark. They play a crucial role in reducing pressure drag, which occurs when the fluid flow separates from the surface of an object, creating resistance.
In addition to pressure drag, there is also friction drag, which arises from the shear force between the fluid medium and a moving object’s surface. The denticles on the skin of the great white shark help maintain attached flow around its body, reducing the size of the wake and ultimately minimizing drag as it moves through the water.
This study on the structure of shark skin is not entirely new. In 2019, scientists at the University of Alabama conducted research on mako sharks and discovered a similar phenomenon. Mako sharks, also known as the “cheetahs of the ocean” for their incredible speed, have evolved a unique skin structure with flexible denticles that allow them to swim faster.
The denticles on mako sharks can flex at angles of more than 40 degrees from the body, controlling the degree of flow separation and reducing pressure drag. This concept is akin to the dimples on a golf ball, which help maintain airflow and reduce drag as the ball travels through the air.
The implications of this research go beyond just understanding shark biology. By studying how these creatures have evolved to reduce drag and increase efficiency in swimming, researchers can apply these principles to the design of aircraft and boats. By incorporating features inspired by shark skin, such as flexible denticles, engineers may be able to develop vehicles that are more aerodynamic and consume less fuel.
Overall, the study of shark skin structure offers valuable insights into how nature has already solved complex engineering challenges. By mimicking the natural design of these incredible creatures, we may unlock new possibilities for improving the efficiency and performance of man-made machines.
